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Compliance Glossary
Table of Contents
Medical
Medical - Equipment Parts, Auxiliaries and Accessories
Medical - Electrical Circuits
Medical - Equipments types (classification)
Medical - Applied Parts
Medical - Equipment Classes
Medical - Equipment Types
Medical - Insulation
Medical - Voltages
Medical - Currents
Medical - Earth Terminals and Conductors
Medical - Electrical Connection (devices)
Medical - Transformers
Medical - Controls and Limiting Devices
Medical - Operation of Equipment
Medical - Mechanical safety
Medical - Miscellaneous
Product Safety
Equipment electrical ratings
Operating conditions
Equipment mobility
Classes of equipment ? Protection against electric shock
Connection to the supply
Enclosures
Accessibility
Circuits and circuit characteristics
Insulation
Clearances and creepage distances
Components
Flammability
Miscellaneous
Industrial, scientific and medical equipment |
Lighting |
Telecom |
Chemistry |
Electronics |
Online Dictionaries
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Medical
Medical - Equipment Parts, Auxiliaries and Accessories
ACCESS COVER | Part of an ENCLOSURE or guard providing the possibility of access to EQUIPMENT parts
for the purpose of adjustment, inspection, replacement or repair. |
ACCESSIBLE METAL PART | Metal part of EQUIPMENT which can be touched without the use of a TOOL. |
ACCESSORY | Optional component necessary and/or suitable to be used with EQUIPMENT in order to
enable, facilitate or improve the intended use of EQUIPMENT or to integrate additional functions. |
ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTS | Documents accompanying EQUIPMENT or an ACCESSORY and containing all
important information for the USER, OPERATOR, installer or assembler of EQUIPMENT, particularly regarding
safety. |
ENCLOSURE | Exterior surface of EQUIPMENT including:
all ACCESSIBLE METAL PARTS, knobs, grips and the like;
accessible shafts;
for the purpose of tests, metal foil, with specified dimensions, applied in contact with parts of
the exterior surface made of material with low conductivity or made of insulating material. |
PROTECTIVE COVER | Part of an ENCLOSURE or guard provided to prevent accidental access to parts
which might be hazardous if contacted. |
Medical - Electrical Circuits
INTERNAL ELECTRICAL POWER SOURCE | Power source intended to provide the electrical power necessary
to operate EQUIPMENT and which is incorporated in that EQUIPMENT. |
LIVE | State of a part which, when connection is made to that part, can cause a current exceeding
the allowable LEAKAGE CURRENT for the part concerned to flow from that
part to earth or from that part to an ACCESSIBLE PART of the same EQUIPMENT. |
MAINS PART | Entirety of all parts of EQUIPMENT intended to have a CONDUCTIVE CONNECTION with the
SUPPLY MAINS. For the purpose of this definition, the PROTECTIVE EARTH CONDUCTOR is not regarded as a part
of the MAINS PART. |
PATIENT CIRCUIT | Any electrical circuit which contains one or more PATIENT CONNECTIONS.
PATIENT CIRCUITS include all conductive parts which are not insulated from the PATIENT CONNECTIONS to the
extent necessary to comply with the dielectric strength requirements or which are not
separated from the PATIENT CONNECTIONS to the extent necessary to comply with the CREEPAGE DISTANCE and
AIR CLEARANCE requirements. |
SIGNAL INPUT PART | Part of EQUIPMENT, not being an APPLIED PART, intended to receive input signal
voltages or currents from other EQUIPMENT, for example, for display, recording or data processing. |
SIGNAL OUTPUT PART | Part of EQUIPMENT, not being an APPLIED PART, intended to deliver output signal
voltages or currents to other EQUIPMENT, for example, for display, recording or data processing. |
SUPPLY EQUIPMENT | EQUIPMENT which supplies electrical power to one or more items of EQUIPMENT. |
ACCESSIBLE PART | Part of EQUIPMENT which can be touched without the use of a TOOL. |
Medical - Equipments types (classification)
CATEGORY AP EQUIPMENT | EQUIPMENT or EQUIPMENT part complying with specified requirements on
construction, marking and documentation in order to avoid sources of ignition in a FLAMMABLE ANAESTHETIC
MIXTURE WITH AIR. |
CATEGORY APG EQUIPMENT | EQUIPMENT or EQUIPMENT part complying with specified requirements on
construction, marking and documentation in order to avoid sources of ignition in a FLAMMABLE ANAESTHETIC
MIXTURE WITH OXYGEN OR NITROUS OXIDE. |
Medical - Applied Parts
APPLIED PART | A part of the EQUIPMENT which in NORMAL USE
necessarily comes into physical contact with the PATIENT for the EQUIPMENT to perform its
function; or
can be brought into contact with the PATIENT; or
needs to be touched by the PATIENT. |
PATIENT CONNECTION | Every individual part of the APPLIED PART through which current can flow
between the PATIENT and the EQUIPMENT in NORMAL CONDITION or SINGLE FAULT CONDITION. |
TYPE B APPLIED PART | APPLIED PART complying with the specified requirements of this Standard to
provide protection against electric shock, particularly regarding allowable LEAKAGE CURRENT and marked
with symbol 1.NOTE ? TYPE B APPLIED PARTS are not suitable for DIRECT CARDIAC APPLICATION. |
TYPE BF APPLIED PART | F-TYPE APPLIED PART complying with the specified requirements of this
Standard to provide a higher degree of protection against electric shock than that provided by TYPE B
APPLIED PARTS and marked with symbol.
NOTE ? TYPE BF APPLIED PARTS are not suitable for DIRECT CARDIAC APPLICATION. |
TYPE CF APPLIED PART | F-TYPE APPLIED PART complying with the specified requirements of this
Standard to provide a higher degree of protection against electric shock than that provided by TYPE BF
APPLIED PARTS and marked with symbol. |
F-TYPE ISOLATED (FLOATING) APPLIED PART (hereinafter referred to as F-TYPE APPLIED PART) | APPLIED PART
isolated from other parts of the EQUIPMENT to such a degree that no current higher than the PATIENT LEAKAGE
CURRENT allowable in SINGLE FAULT CONDITION flows if an unintended voltage originating from an external
source is connected to the PATIENT, and thereby applied between the APPLIED PART and earth.
F-TYPE APPLIED PARTS are either TYPE BF APPLIED PARTS or TYPE CF APPLIED PARTS. |
DEFIBRILLATION-PROOF APPLIED PART | APPLIED PART having protection against the effects of a discharge
of a cardiac defibrillator to the PATIENT.
*See rationale for 2.1.27 |
DIRECT CARDIAC APPLICATION | Use of APPLIED PART which may come in direct CONDUCTIVE CONNECTION to the
PATIENT?S heart. |
Medical - Equipment Classes
CLASS I EQUIPMENT | EQUIPMENT in which protection against electric shock does not rely on BASIC
INSULATION only, but which includes an additional safety precaution in that means are provided for the
connection of the EQUIPMENT to the PROTECTIVE EARTH CONDUCTOR in the fixed wiring of the installation in such
a way that ACCESSIBLE METAL PARTS cannot become LIVE in the event of a failure of the BASIC INSULATION. |
CLASS II EQUIPMENT | EQUIPMENT in which protection against electric shock does not rely on BASIC
INSULATION only, but in which additional safety precautions such as DOUBLE INSULATION or REINFORCED
INSULATION are provided, there being no provision for protective earthing or reliance upon installation
conditions. |
Medical - Equipment Types
FIXED EQUIPMENT | EQUIPMENT which is fastened or otherwise secured at a specific location in a
building or a vehicle and can only be detached by means of a TOOL. |
HAND-HELD EQUIPMENT | EQUIPMENT intended to be supported by the hand during NORMAL USE. |
MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT (hereinafter referred to as EQUIPMENT) | Electrical EQUIPMENT, provided
with not more than one connection to a particular SUPPLY MAINS and intended to diagnose, treat, or
monitor the PATIENT under medical supervision and which makes physical or electrical contact with the
PATIENT and/or transfers energy to or from the PATIENT and/or detects such energy transfer to or from the
PATIENT. The EQUIPMENT includes those ACCESSORIES as defined by the manufacturer which are necessary to enable
the NORMAL USE of the EQUIPMENT. |
MOBILE EQUIPMENT | TRANSPORTABLE EQUIPMENT intended to be moved from one location to another
between periods of use while supported by its own wheels or equivalent means. |
PERMANENTLY INSTALLED EQUIPMENT | EQUIPMENT that is electrically connected to the SUPPLY MAINS by
means of a permanent connection which can only be detached by the use of a TOOL. |
PORTABLE EQUIPMENT | TRANSPORTABLE EQUIPMENT intended to be moved from one location to another
while used or between periods of use while being carried by one or more persons. |
STATIONARY EQUIPMENT | Either FIXED EQUIPMENT or EQUIPMENT which is not intended to be moved from
one place to another. |
TRANSPORTABLE EQUIPMENT | EQUIPMENT which is intended to be moved from one place to another
whether or not connected to a supply and without an appreciable restriction of range.
Examples: MOBILE EQUIPMENT and PORTABLE EQUIPMENT. |
INTERNALLY POWERED EQUIPMENT | EQUIPMENT able to operate from an INTERNAL ELECTRICAL POWER SOURCE. |
Medical - Insulation
AIR CLEARANCE | Shortest path in air between two conductive parts. |
BASIC INSULATION | Insulation applied to LIVE parts to provide basic protection against electric shock. |
CREEPAGE DISTANCE | Shortest path along the surface of insulating material between two conductive
parts. |
DOUBLE INSULATION | Insulation comprising both BASIC INSULATION and SUPPLEMENTARY INSULATION. |
REINFORCED INSULATION | Single insulation system applied to LIVE parts which provides a degree of
protection against electric shock equivalent to DOUBLE INSULATION under the conditions specified in this
Standard. |
SUPPLEMENTARY INSULATION | Independent insulation applied in addition to BASIC INSULATION in order to
provide protection against electric shock in the event of a failure of BASIC INSULATION. |
Medical - Voltages
HIGH VOLTAGE | Any voltage over 1 000 V a.c. or over 1 500 V d.c. or 1 500 V peak value. |
MAINS VOLTAGE | Voltage of a SUPPLY MAINS between two line conductors of a polyphase system or
voltage between the line conductor and the neutral conductor of a single-phase system. |
SAFETY EXTRA-LOW VOLTAGE (SELV) | Voltage which does not exceed a NOMINAL value of 25 V a.c. or 60
V d.c. at RATED supply voltage on the transformer or converter, between conductors in an earth-free
circuit which is isolated from the SUPPLY MAINS by a SAFETY EXTRA-LOW VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER or by a device
with an equivalent separation. |
Medical - Currents
EARTH LEAKAGE CURRENT | Current flowing from the MAINS PART through or across the insulation into the
PROTECTIVE EARTH CONDUCTOR. |
ENCLOSURE LEAKAGE CURRENT | Current flowing from the ENCLOSURE or from parts thereof, excluding
APPLIED PARTS, accessible to the OPERATOR or PATIENT in NORMAL USE, through an external CONDUCTIVE
CONNECTION other than the PROTECTIVE EARTH CONDUCTOR to earth or to another part of the ENCLOSURE. |
LEAKAGE CURRENT | Current that is not functional. The following LEAKAGE CURRENTS are defined: EARTH
LEAKAGE CURRENT, ENCLOSURE LEAKAGE CURRENT and PATIENT LEAKAGE CURRENT. |
PATIENT AUXILIARY CURRENT | Current flowing in the PATIENT in NORMAL USE between parts of the APPLIED
PART and not intended to produce a physiological effect, for example, bias current of an amplifier, current
used in impedance plethysmography. |
PATIENT LEAKAGE CURRENT | Current flowing from the APPLIED PART via the PATIENT to earth or flowing from
the PATIENT via an F-TYPE APPLIED PART to earth originating from the unintended appearance of a voltage
from an external source on the PATIENT. |
Medical - Earth Terminals and Conductors
FUNCTIONAL EARTH CONDUCTOR | Conductor to be connected to a FUNCTIONAL EARTH TERMINAL
| FUNCTIONAL EARTH TERMINAL | Terminal directly connected to a point of a measuring supply or control
circuit or to a screening part which is intended to be earthed for functional purposes.
| POTENTIAL EQUALIZATION CONDUCTOR | Conductor providing a connection between EQUIPMENT and the
potential equalization busbar of the electrical installation.
| PROTECTIVE EARTH CONDUCTOR | Conductor to be connected between the PROTECTIVE EARTH TERMINAL and
an external protective earthing system.
| PROTECTIVE EARTH TERMINAL | Terminal connected to conductive parts of CLASS I EQUIPMENT for safety
purposes. This terminal is intended to be connected to an external protective earthing system by a
PROTECTIVE EARTH CONDUCTOR.
| PROTECTIVELY EARTHED | Connected to the PROTECTIVE EARTH TERMINAL for protective purposes by means
complying with the requirements of this Standard.
|
Medical - Electrical Connection (devices)
APPLIANCE COUPLER | Means enabling the connection of a flexible cord to EQUIPMENT without the use of
a TOOL, consisting of two parts: a MAINS CONNECTOR and an APPLIANCE INLET. |
APPLIANCE INLET | Part of an APPLIANCE COUPLER incorporated in or fixed to EQUIPMENT. |
AUXILIARY MAINS SOCKET-OUTLET | Socket-outlet with MAINS VOLTAGE on EQUIPMENT, accessible without the
use of a TOOL and intended for provision of mains supply to other EQUIPMENT or to other separate parts of
the EQUIPMENT. |
CONDUCTIVE CONNECTION | Connection through which a current can flow exceeding the allowable
LEAKAGE CURRENT. |
DETACHABLE POWER SUPPLY CORD | Flexible cord intended to be connected to EQUIPMENT by means of a
suitable APPLIANCE COUPLER. |
EXTERNAL TERMINAL DEVICE | TERMINAL DEVICE by which electrical connection to other EQUIPMENT is made. |
FIXED MAINS SOCKET-OUTLET | Mains socket-outlet installed in a fixed wiring system in a building or a
vehicle. |
INTERCONNECTION TERMINAL DEVICE | TERMINAL DEVICE by which internal connections within EQUIPMENT or
between EQUIPMENT parts are made. |
MAINS CONNECTOR | Part of an APPLIANCE COUPLER integral with or intended to be attached to a flexible
cord which is intended to be connected to the SUPPLY MAINS. A MAINS CONNECTOR is intended to be inserted
into the APPLIANCE INLET of EQUIPMENT. |
MAINS PLUG | Part integral with or intended to be attached to a POWER SUPPLY CORD of EQUIPMENT, to be
inserted into a FIXED MAINS SOCKET OUTLET. |
MAINS TERMINAL DEVICE | TERMINAL DEVICE by which the electrical connection to the SUPPLY MAINS is made. |
TERMINAL DEVICE | Part of EQUIPMENT by which electrical connection is made; it may contain several
individual contacts. |
POWER SUPPLY CORD | Flexible cord, fixed to or assembled with EQUIPMENT for mains supply purposes. |
Medical - Transformers
SAFETY EXTRA-LOW VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER | Transformer with an output-winding which is electrically
separated from earth and the body of the transformer by at least BASIC INSULATION and which is electrically
separated from the input-winding by an insulation at least equivalent to DOUBLE INSULATION or REINFORCED
INSULATION and which is designed to supply SAFETY EXTRA-LOW VOLTAGE circuits.
|
Medical - Controls and Limiting Devices
ADJUSTABLE SETTING (of a control or limiting device) | Setting which can be altered by the OPERATOR
without the use of a TOOL. |
FIXED SETTING (of a control or limiting device) | Setting not intended to be altered by the OPERATOR
and which can only be altered by means of a TOOL. |
OVER-CURRENT RELEASE | Protective device which causes a circuit to open with or without delay, when
the current in the device exceeds a predetermined value. |
SELF-RESETTING THERMAL CUT-OUT | THERMAL CUT-OUT which automatically restores the current after the
relevant part of EQUIPMENT has cooled. |
THERMAL CUT-OUT | Device which, during abnormal operation, limits the temperature of EQUIPMENT or
of parts of it, by automatically opening the circuit or by reducing the current, and which is so
constructed that its setting cannot be altered by the OPERATOR. |
THERMOSTAT | A temperature sensing control, which is intended to keep a temperature between two
particular values under normal operating conditions and which may have provision for setting by the
OPERATOR. |
Medical - Operation of Equipment
COLD CONDITION | The condition obtained if EQUIPMENT is de-energized for a sufficiently long time to
attain the ambient temperature. |
CONTINUOUS OPERATION | Operation under normal load for an unlimited period, without the specified
limits of temperature being exceeded. |
CONTINUOUS OPERATION WITH INTERMITTENT LOADING | Operation in which EQUIPMENT is connected
continuously to the SUPPLY MAINS. The stated permissible loading time is so short that the long term
on-load operating temperature is not attained. The ensuing interval in loading is, however, not
sufficiently long for cooling down to the long term no-load operating temperature. |
CONTINUOUS OPERATION WITH SHORT-TIME LOADING | Operation in which EQUIPMENT is connected
continuously to the SUPPLY MAINS. The stated permissible loading time is so short that the long term
on-load operating temperature is not attained. The ensuing interval is, however, sufficiently long for
cooling down to the long term no-load operating temperature.
| DUTY CYCLE | Ratio of the operating time to the sum of the operating time and the ensuing interval.
In the case of operating times and intervals of varying duration, it is calculated as a mean value over a
sufficiently long time. |
INTERMITTENT OPERATION | Operation in a series of specified identical cycles, each cycle being
composed of a period of operation under normal load, without the specified limits of temperature being
exceeded, followed by a rest period with the EQUIPMENT running idle or switched off. |
NORMAL CONDITION | Condition in which all means provided for protection against SAFETY HAZARDS are
intact. |
NORMAL USE | Operation, including routine inspection and adjustments by the OPERATOR, and standby,
according to the instructions for use. |
PROPERLY INSTALLED | Condition in which at least the relevant instructions concerning installation
given by the manufacturer in the ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTS are observed. |
SHORT-TIME OPERATION | Operation under normal load for a specified period, starting from COLD
CONDITION without the specified limits of temperature being exceeded, the intervals between each period
of operation being sufficient to allow the EQUIPMENT to cool down to COLD CONDITION. |
SINGLE FAULT CONDITION | Condition in which a single means for protection against a SAFETY HAZARD in
EQUIPMENT is defective or a single external abnormal condition is present. |
X-RAY INSTALLATIONS (LONG-TIME RATING) | A rating based on an operating interval of 5 minutes or
longer. |
Medical - Mechanical safety
HYDRAULIC TEST PRESSURE | PRESSURE applied to test a vessel or part of it. |
MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE WORKING PRESSURE | PRESSURE specified by the manufacturer or by the inspection
authority or competent person(s) in the report of the most recent examination. |
MINIMUM BREAKING LOAD | Maximum load where Hooke?s Law is applicable. |
PRESSURE (overpressure) | Pressure above atmospheric (gauge pressure). |
SAFE WORKING LOAD | Maximum load on an EQUIPMENT or EQUIPMENT part that can be permitted
according to a declaration of the supplier of such an EQUIPMENT or EQUIPMENT part if his instructions for
installation and use are followed. |
SAFETY DEVICE | Means which protect the PATIENT and/or OPERATOR from a hazardous force due to
excessive travel or from the fall of a suspended mass in the event of failure of a means of suspension. |
STATIC LOAD | Maximum loading of a part excluding any loading caused by acceleration or
deceleration of masses. Where a load is divided over several parallel supporting parts and the
distribution over these parts is not determined unequivocally, the least favourable possibility shall be
considered. |
SAFETY FACTOR | The ratio between the MINIMUM BREAKING LOAD and SAFE WORKING LOAD. |
TOTAL LOAD | Sum of the STATIC LOAD and the forces caused by acceleration and deceleration
occurring in NORMAL CONDITION. |
Medical - Miscellaneous
MODEL OR TYPE REFERENCE (type number) | Combination of figures, letters or both used to identify a
particular model of EQUIPMENT. |
NOMINAL (value) | Value quoted for reference purposes which is subject to agreed tolerances, for
example, NOMINAL MAINS VOLTAGE, NOMINAL diameter of a screw. |
PATIENT | Living being (person or animal) undergoing medical or dental investigation or treatment. |
RATED (value) | Value assigned by the manufacturer to a quantity characteristic of the EQUIPMENT. |
SERIAL NUMBER | Number and/or other designation used to identify an individual unit of a certain
model of EQUIPMENT. |
SUPPLY MAINS | Permanently installed power source which may also be used to supply electrical
apparatus that is outside the scope of this Standard.
This also includes permanently installed battery systems in ambulances and the like. |
TOOL | Extra-corporeal object which may be used to secure or release fasteners or to make
adjustments. |
USER | Authority responsible for the use and maintenance of EQUIPMENT. |
EMERGENCY TROLLEY | Wheeled trolley intended to support and convey life-supporting and
resuscitation EQUIPMENT for cardio-respiratory emergencies. |
FLAMMABLE ANAESTHETIC MIXTURE WITH AIR | Mixture of a flammable anaesthetic vapour with air in such
a concentration that ignition may occur under specified conditions. A mixture of the vapour of a
flammable disinfection or cleaning agent with air may be treated as a FLAMMABLE ANAESTHETIC MIXTURE WITH
AIR subject to national or local regulations. |
FLAMMABLE ANAESTHETIC MIXTURE WITH OXYGEN OR NITROUS OXIDE | Mixture of a flammable anaesthetic
vapour with oxygen or with nitrous oxide in such a concentration that ignition may occur under specified
conditions. |
OPERATOR | Person handling EQUIPMENT. |
SAFETY HAZARD | Potentially detrimental effect on the PATIENT, other persons, animals, or the
surroundings, arising directly from EQUIPMENT. |
Product Safety
Equipment electrical ratings
RATED VOLTAGE | The supply voltage (for a three-phase AC MAINS SUPPLY, the line-to-line
voltage) as declared by the manufacturer. |
RATED VOLTAGE RANGE | The supply voltage range as declared by the manufacturer,
expressed by its lower and upper RATED VOLTAGES. |
RATED CURRENT | The input current of the equipment as declared by the manufacturer. |
RATED FREQUENCY | The supply frequency as declared by the manufacturer. |
RATED FREQUENCY RANGE | The supply frequency range as declared by the manufacturer,
expressed by its lower and upper RATED FREQUENCIES. |
Operating conditions
NORMAL LOAD | The mode of operation which approximates as closely as possible the
most severe conditions of normal use in accordance with the operating instructions. However,
when the conditions of actual use can obviously be more severe than the maximum
recommended load conditions, a load is used that is representative of the maximum that can
be applied.
NOTE ? NORMAL LOAD conditions for some types of electrical business equipment are given in annex L. |
RATED OPERATING TIME | The operating time assigned to the equipment by the
manufacturer. |
CONTINUOUS OPERATION | Operation under NORMAL LOAD for an unlimited period. |
SHORT-TIME OPERATION | Operation under NORMAL LOAD for a specified period, starting from
cold, the intervals after each period of operation being sufficient to allow the equipment to cool
down to room temperature. |
INTERMITTENT OPERATION | Operation in a series of specified identical cycles, each
composed of a period of operation under NORMAL LOAD followed by a rest period with the
equipment switched off or running idle. |
Equipment mobility
MOVABLE EQUIPMENT | Equipment which is either:
18 kg or less in mass and not fixed, or
equipment with wheels, castors or other means to facilitate movement by the
OPERATOR as required to perform its intended use.
NOTE ? MOVABLE EQUIPMENT includes wall-mounted equipment whose mounting means permits removal by an OPERATOR. |
HAND-HELD EQUIPMENT | MOVABLE EQUIPMENT, or a part of any kind of equipment, that is
intended to be held in the hand during normal use. |
TRANSPORTABLE EQUIPMENT | MOVABLE EQUIPMENTthat is intended to be routinely carried by a
USER.
NOTE ? Examples include laptop personal computers, pen-based tablet computers, and their portable accessories such as printers and
CD-ROM drives. |
STATIONARY EQUIPMENT | Equipment that is not MOVABLE EQUIPMENT. |
EQUIPMENT FOR BUILDING-IN | Equipment intended to be installed in a prepared recess, such
as in a wall, or similar situation.
NOTE ? In general, EQUIPMENT FOR BUILDING-IN does not have an ENCLOSURE on all sides, as some of the sides will be protected after installation. |
DIRECT PLUG-IN EQUIPMENT | Equipment that is intended to be used without a power supply
cord; the mains plug forms an integral part of the equipment ENCLOSURE so that the weight of
the equipment is taken by the socket-outlet. |
Classes of equipment ? Protection against electric shock
NOTE ? Some information technology equipment cannot be identified as conforming to one of the following classes.
CLASS I EQUIPMENT | Equipment where protection against electric shock is achieved by:
using BASIC INSULATION, and also
providing a means of connecting to the PROTECTIVE EARTHING CONDUCTOR in the building wiring those conductive parts that are otherwise capable of assuming HAZARDOUS VOLTAGES if the BASIC INSULATION fails.
NOTE ? CLASS I EQUIPMENT may have parts with DOUBLE INSULATION or REINFORCED INSULATION. |
CLASS II EQUIPMENT | Equipment in which protection against electric shock does not rely
on BASIC INSULATION only, but in which additional safety precautions, such as DOUBLE INSULATION or
REINFORCED INSULATION are provided, there being no reliance on either protective earthing or installation conditions. |
CLASS III EQUIPMENT | Equipment in which protection against electric shock relies upon
supply from SELV CIRCUITS and in which HAZARDOUS VOLTAGES are not generated.
NOTE ? For CLASS III EQUIPMENT, although there is no requirement for protection against electric shock, all other requirements of the
standard apply. |
Connection to the supply
PLUGGABLE EQUIPMENT TYPE A | Equipment which is intended for connection to the building
installation wiring via a non-industrial plug and socket-outlet or a non-industrial appliance
coupler, or both.
NOTE ? 1-15, 2-15, 2-20, 5-15 and 5-20 plugs and outlets as specified in IEC 60083 are considered to be non-industrial within the meaning of UL60950.
| PLUGGABLE EQUIPMENT TYPE B | Equipment which is intended for connection to the building
installation wiring via an industrial plug and socket-outlet or an appliance coupler, or both,
complying with IEC 60309, or with a comparable national standard. |
PERMANENTLY CONNECTED EQUIPMENT | Equipment which is intended for connection to the
building installation wiring using screw terminals or other reliable means. |
DETACHABLE POWER SUPPLY CORD | A flexible cord, for supply purposes, intended to be
connected to the equipment by means of a suitable appliance coupler. |
NON-DETACHABLE POWER SUPPLY CORD | A flexible cord, for supply purposes, fixed to or
assembled with the equipment.Such a cord may be:
Ordinary: A flexible cord which can be easily replaced without special preparation of
the cord or special TOOLS, or
Special: A flexible cord which is specially prepared or requires the use of specially
designed TOOLS for replacement, or is such that it cannot be replaced without damage
to the equipment.
The term ?specially prepared? includes provision of an integral cord guard, the use of cable
lugs, formation of eyelets, etc., but not the re-shaping of the conductor before introduction into
a terminal or the twisting of a stranded conductor to consolidate the end. |
Enclosures
ENCLOSURE | A part of the equipment providing one or more of the functions described in:
NOTE ? One type of ENCLOSURE can be inside another type (e.g. an ELECTRICAL ENCLOSURE inside a FIRE ENCLOSURE or a FIRE ENCLOSURE inside an ELECTRICAL ENCLOSURE).
Also, a single ENCLOSURE can provide the functions of more than one type (e.g. those of both an ELECTRICAL ENCLOSURE and a FIRE ENCLOSURE). |
FIRE ENCLOSURE | A part of the equipment intended to minimize the spread of fire or
flames from within. |
MECHANICAL ENCLOSURE | A part of the equipment intended to reduce the risk of injury due
to mechanical and other physical hazards. |
ELECTRICAL ENCLOSURE | A part of the equipment intended to limit access to parts that may
be at HAZARDOUS VOLTAGE or HAZARDOUS ENERGY LEVELS or are in TNV CIRCUITS. |
DECORATIVE PART | A part of the equipment, outside the ENCLOSURE, which has no safety
function. |
Accessibility
OPERATOR ACCESS AREA | An area to which, under normal operating conditions, one of the following applies:
access can be gained without the use of a TOOL, or
the means of access is deliberately provided to the OPERATOR, or
the OPERATOR is instructed to enter regardless of whether or not a TOOL is needed to gain access.
The terms ?access? and ?accessible?, unless qualified, relate to OPERATOR ACCESS AREA as defined above. |
SERVICE ACCESS AREA | An area, other than an OPERATOR ACCESS AREA, where it is necessary
for SERVICE PERSONNEL to have access even with the equipment switched on. |
RESTRICTED ACCESS LOCATION | A location for equipment where both of the following paragraphs apply:
access can only be gained by SERVICE PERSONNEL or by USERS who have been instructed about the reasons for the restrictions applied to the location and about any precautions that shall be taken;
and access is through the use of a TOOL or lock and key, or other means of security, and is controlled by the authority responsible for the location.
NOTE ? The requirements for equipment intended for installation in RESTRICTED ACCESS LOCATIONS are the same as for OPERATOR ACCESS AREAS, |
TOOL | A screwdriver or any other object which may be used to operate a screw, latch
or similar fixing means. |
BODY | All accessible conductive parts, shafts of handles, knobs, grips and the like, and
metal foil in contact with all accessible surfaces of insulating material. |
SAFETY INTERLOCK | A means either of preventing access to a hazardous area until the
hazard is removed, or of automatically removing the hazardous condition when access is
gained. |
Circuits and circuit characteristics
AC MAINS SUPPLY | The external a.c. power distribution system supplying power to the
equipment. These power sources include public or private utilities and, unless otherwise
specified in the standard , equivalent sources such as motor-driven generators and
uninterruptible power supplies.
NOTE ? See annex V for typical examples of a.c. power distribution systems.
| PRIMARY CIRCUIT | A circuit which is directly connected to the AC MAINS SUPPLY. It includes,
for example, the means for connection to the AC MAINS SUPPLY, the primary windings of
transformers, motors and other loading devices.
NOTE ? Conductive parts of an INTERCONNECTING CABLE may be part of a PRIMARY CIRCUIT . |
SECONDARY CIRCUIT | A circuit which has no direct connection to a PRIMARY CIRCUIT and
derives its power from a transformer, converter or equivalent isolation device, or from a
battery.
NOTE ? Conductive parts of an INTERCONNECTING CABLE may be part of a SECONDARY CIRCUIT. |
HAZARDOUS VOLTAGE | A voltage exceeding 42,4 V peak, or 60 V d.c., existing in a circuit
which does not meet the requirements for either a LIMITED CURRENT CIRCUIT or a TNV CIRCUIT. |
ELV CIRCUIT | A SECONDARY CIRCUIT with voltages between any two conductors of the circuit,
and between any one such conductor and earth , not exceeding 42,4 V peak, or 60
V d.c., under normal operating conditions, which is separated from HAZARDOUS VOLTAGE by BASIC
INSULATION, and which neither meets all of the requirements for an SELV CIRCUIT nor meets all of
the requirements for a LIMITED CURRENT CIRCUIT. |
SELV CIRCUIT | A SECONDARY CIRCUIT which is so designed and protected that under normal
operating conditions and single fault conditions, its voltages do not exceed a safe value.
NOTE 1 ? The limit values of voltages under normal operating conditions and single fault conditions
NOTE 2 ? This definition of an SELV CIRCUIT differs from the term ?SELV system? as used in IEC 611401. |
LIMITED CURRENT CIRCUIT | A circuit which is so designed and protected that, under both
normal operating conditions and single fault conditions, the current which can be drawn is not
hazardous. |
HAZARDOUS ENERGY LEVEL | A stored energy level of 20 J or more, or an available
continuous power level of 240 VA or more, at a potential of 2 V or more. |
TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK | A metallically terminated transmission medium intended
for communication between equipment that may be located in separate buildings, excluding:
? the mains system for supply, transmission and distribution of electrical power, if
used as a telecommunication transmission medium; |
TNV CIRCUIT | A circuit which is in the equipment and to which the accessible area of
contact is limited and that is so designed and protected that, under normal operating conditions and single fault conditions , the voltages do not exceed specified limit values.
A TNV CIRCUIT is considered to be a SECONDARY CIRCUIT in the meaning of this standard.
NOTE 1 ? The specified limit values of voltages under normal operating conditions and single fault conditions
: Requirements regarding accessibility of TNV CIRCUITS are given in 2.1.1.1.
TNV CIRCUITS are classified as TNV-1, TNV-2 and TNV-3 CIRCUITS
NOTE 2 ? The voltage relationships between SELV and TNV CIRCUITS are shown in table 1A.
NOTE 3 ? Conductive parts of an INTERCONNECTING CABLE may be part of a TNV CIRCUIT
Normal operating voltages
Overvoltages from TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS possible?
Within SELV CIRCUIT limits
Exceeding SELV CIRCUIT limits
but within TNV CIRCUIT limits
Yes TNV-1 CIRCUIT TNV-3 CIRCUIT
No SELV CIRCUIT TNV-2 CIRCUIT |
TNV-1 CIRCUIT | A TNV CIRCUIT:
? whose normal operating voltages do not exceed the limits for an SELV CIRCUIT under
normal operating conditions, and
on which overvoltages from TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS are possible. |
TNV-2 CIRCUIT | A TNV CIRCUIT:
whose normal operating voltages exceed the limits for an SELV CIRCUIT under normal
operating conditions, and
1A list of informative references is given in annex Q: ?Bibliography?.
32 CAN/CSA-C22.2 NO. 60950-00 ? UL 60950 DECEMBER 1, 2000
which is not subject to overvoltages from TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS. |
1.2.8.12 TNV-3 CIRCUIT | A TNV CIRCUIT:
whose normal operating voltages exceed the limits for an SELV CIRCUIT under normal
operating conditions; and
on which overvoltages from TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS are possible. |
Insulation
FUNCTIONAL INSULATION | Insulation that is necessary only for the correct operation of the
equipment.
NOTE ? FUNCTIONAL INSULATION by definition does not protect against electric shock. It may, however, reduce the likelihood of ignition and
fire. |
BASIC INSULATION | Insulation to provide basic protection against electric shock. |
SUPPLEMENTARY INSULATION | Independent insulation applied in addition to BASIC INSULATION in
order to reduce the risk of electric shock in the event of a failure of the BASIC INSULATION. |
DOUBLE INSULATION | Insulation comprising both BASIC INSULATION and SUPPLEMENTARY
INSULATION. |
REINFORCED INSULATION | A single insulation system which provides a degree of protection
against electric shock equivalent to DOUBLE INSULATION under the conditions specified in this
standard.
NOTE ? The term ?insulation system? does not imply that the insulation has to be in one homogeneous piece. It may comprise several layers which cannot be tested as SUPPLEMENTARY or BASIC INSULATION. |
WORKING VOLTAGE | The highest voltage to which the insulation or the component under
consideration is, or can be, subjected when the equipment is operating under conditions of
normal use. |
PEAK WORKING VOLTAGE | The highest peak or d.c. value of a WORKING VOLTAGE, including
repetitive peak impulses generated in the equipment, but not including external transients. |
REQUIRED WITHSTAND VOLTAGE | The peak voltage that the insulation under consideration is
required to withstand. |
MAINS TRANSIENT VOLTAGE | The highest peak voltage expected at the power input to the
equipment, arising from external transients on the AC MAINS SUPPLY.
| TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK TRANSIENT VOLTAGE | The highest peak voltage expected at
the TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK connection point of the equipment, arising from external
transients on the network. |
Clearances and creepage distances
CLEARANCE | The shortest distance between two conductive parts, or between a
conductive part and the BOUNDING SURFACE of the equipment, measured through air. |
CREEPAGE DISTANCE | The shortest path between two conductive parts, or between a
conductive part and the BOUNDING SURFACE of the equipment, measured along the surface of the
insulation. |
BOUNDING SURFACE | The outer surface of the ELECTRICAL ENCLOSURE, considered as though
metal foil were pressed into contact with accessible surfaces of insulating material. |
Components
THERMOSTAT | A cycling temperature-sensing control, which is intended to keep a
temperature between two particular values under normal operating conditions and which may
have provision for setting by the OPERATOR. |
TEMPERATURE LIMITER | A temperature-sensing control which is intended to keep a
temperature below or above one particular value during normal operating conditions and which
may have provision for setting by the OPERATOR.
NOTE ? A TEMPERATURE LIMITER may be of the automatic reset or of the manual reset type. |
THERMAL CUT-OUT | A temperature-sensing control intended to operate under abnormal
operating conditions and which has no provision for the OPERATOR to change the temperature
setting.
NOTE ? A THERMAL CUT-OUT may be of the automatic reset or of the manual reset type. |
THERMAL CUT-OUT, AUTOMATIC RESET | A THERMAL CUT-OUT which automatically restores the
current after the relevant part of the equipment has cooled down sufficiently. |
THERMAL CUT-OUT, MANUAL RESET | A THERMAL CUT-OUT which requires resetting by hand, or
replacement of a part, in order to restore the current. |
INTERCONNECTING CABLE | A cable that is external to the equipment and that is used to
electrically connect an accessory to a unit of information technology equipment, to
interconnect units in a system or to connect a unit to a TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK; such a cable
may carry any type of circuit from one unit to another. |
Flammability
FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS | The recognition of the burning behaviour of
materials and their ability to extinguish if ignited. Materials are classified as in 1.2.12.2 to: when tested in accordance with annex A.
NOTE 1 ? When applying the requirements in this standard, HF-1 CLASS FOAMED MATERIALS are regarded as better than those of CLASS HF-2,
and CLASS HF-2 better than HBF.
NOTE 2 ? Similarly, other MATERIALS, including rigid (engineering structural) foam of CLASSES 5V or V-0 are regarded as better than those
of CLASS V-1, V-1 better than V-2, and V-2 better than HB. |
V-0 CLASS MATERIAL | A material that, when tested in accordance with A.6, may flame or
glow but will meet certain criteria for times to extinguish; glowing particles or flaming drops
released do not ignite surgical cotton. |
V-1 CLASS MATERIAL | A material that, when tested in accordance with A.6, may flame or
glow but will meet certain criteria for times to extinguish; glowing particles or flaming drops
released do not ignite surgical cotton. |
V-2 CLASS MATERIAL | A material that, when tested in accordance with A.6, may flame or
glow but will meet certain criteria for times to extinguish; glowing particles or flaming drops
released may ignite surgical cotton. |
5V CLASS MATERIAL | A material that, when tested in accordance with A.9, may flame or
glow but will extinguish within a prescribed period of time; glowing particles or flaming drops
released do not ignite surgical cotton. |
HF-1 CLASS FOAMED MATERIAL | A foamed material that, when tested in accordance with
A.7, may flame or glow but will extinguish within a prescribed period of time; flaming or
glowing particles, or flaming drops released do not ignite surgical cotton. |
HF-2 CLASS FOAMED MATERIAL | A foamed material that, when tested in accordance with
A.7, may flame or glow but will extinguish within a prescribed period of time; flaming or
glowing particles, or flaming drops released may ignite surgical cotton. |
HB CLASS MATERIAL | Material that, when tested in accordance with A.8, does not exceed
a specified maximum burning rate. |
HBF CLASS FOAMED MATERIAL | A foamed material that, when tested in accordance with
A.7, does not exceed a specified maximum burning rate. |
EXPLOSION LIMIT | The lowest concentration of a combustible material in a mixture
containing any of the following: gases, vapours, mists or dusts, in which a flame is able to
propagate after removal of the ignition source. |
Miscellaneous
TYPE TEST | A test on a representative sample of the equipment with the objective of
determining if the equipment, as designed and manufactured, can meet the requirements of
UL606950. |
SAMPLING TEST | A test on a number of samples taken at random from a batch. |
ROUTINE TEST | A test to which each individual sample is subjected during or after
manufacture to check if the sample complies with certain criteria [IEV 151-04-16, modified]. |
DC VOLTAGE | The average value of a voltage (as measured by a moving coil meter)
having a peak-to-peak ripple not exceeding 10 % of the average value.
NOTE ? Where peak-to-peak ripple exceeds 10 % of the average value, the requirements related to peak voltage are applicable. |
SERVICE PERSONNEL | Persons having appropriate technical training and experience
necessary to be aware of hazards to which they may be exposed in performing a task and of
measures to minimize the risks for themselves or other persons. |
USER | Any person, other than SERVICE PERSONNEL. The term USER in this standard is the
same as the term OPERATOR and the two can be interchanged. |
FUNCTIONAL EARTHING | The earthing of a point in equipment or in a system, which is
necessary for a purpose other than safety. [IEV 195-01-13, modified] |
PROTECTIVE EARTHING CONDUCTOR | A conductor in the building installation wiring, or in
the power supply cord, connecting a main protective earthing terminal in the equipment to an
earth point in the building installation.
NOTE ? In some countries, the term ?grounding conductor? is used instead of ?PROTECTIVE EARTHING CONDUCTOR?. |
PROTECTIVE BONDING CONDUCTOR | A conductor in the equipment, or a combination of
conductive parts in the equipment, connecting a main protective earthing terminal to a part of
the equipment that is required to be earthed for safety purposes. |
TOUCH CURRENT | Electric current through a human body when it touches one or more
accessible parts. [IEV 195-05-21, modified]1)
NOTE ? TOUCH CURRENT was previously included in the term ?leakage current?. |
PROTECTIVE CONDUCTOR CURRENT | Current. |
Industrial, scientific and medical equipment ? Radio-frequency disturbance
characteristics ? Limits and methods of measurement (CISPR 11)
industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) applications (of radio frequency energy)
operation of equipment or appliances designed to generate and use locally radio frequency
energy for industrial, scientific, medical, domestic or similar purposes, excluding applications in
the field of telecommunications
NOTE 1 Typical applications are the production of physical, biological, or chemical effects such as heating,
ionisation of gases, mechanical vibrations, hair removal, acceleration of charged particles. A non-exhaustive list of
examples is given in Annex A.
NOTE 2 The abbreviation ISM RF is used throughout this standard for such equipment or appliances.
NOTE In individual countries, different or additional frequencies may be designated for use by ISM equipment. |
ISM equipment and appliances - equipment or appliances designed to generate and/or use locally radio-frequency energy for
industrial, scientific, medical, domestic or similar purposes, excluding applications in the field
of telecommunications and information technology and other applications covered by other
CISPR publications |
(electromagnetic) radiation
1. phenomenon by which energy in the form of electromagnetic waves emanates from a source
into space
2. energy transferred through space in the form of electromagnetic waves
NOTE By extension, the term "electromagnetic radiation" sometimes also covers induction phenomena. |
boundary of the equipment under test - imaginary straight line periphery describing a simple geometric configuration encompassing the equipment under test. All interconnecting cables are included within this boundary |
electro-discharge machining (EDM) equipment - all the necessary units for the spark erosion process including the machine tool, the generator,control circuits, the working fluid container and integral devices |
Spark erosion - removal of material in a dielectric working fluid by electro-discharges, which are separated in
time and randomly distributed in space, between two electrically conductive electrodes (the tool
electrode and the work piece electrode), and where the energy in the discharge is controlled |
arc welding equipment - equipment for applying current and voltage and having the required characteristics suitable for
arc welding and allied processes.
equipment for resistance welding and allied processes
all equipment associated with carrying out the processes of resistance welding or allied
processes consisting of e.g. power source, electrodes, tooling and associated control
equipment, which may be a separate unit or part of a complex machine. |
low voltage (LV) a set of voltage levels used for the distribution of electricity and whose upper limit is generally
accepted to be 1 000 V a.c. |
Lighting
Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of
electrical lighting and similar equipment (CISPR 15)
Continuous disturbance may be either broadband, for instance caused by the switching
operations or by unstable gas-discharges in the lamp electrode region, or may be narrowband,
for instance caused by electronic control devices operating at dedicated frequencies.
NOTE Instead of the concept of "broadband" and "narrowband", a distinction is made in this standard between two
related kinds of disturbance, defined by the type of the applied detector. For this purpose, limits have been defined
with respect to the measurement with the quasi-peak detector and with the average detector. By using this
approach, a combination of broadband and narrowband disturbances can also be assessed. |
Telcom
Chemical
Electronics
AC | Alternating current. |
ANSI | American National Standards Institute - An organization sponsored by the Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturers Association for establishing voluntary industry standards. |
consumer protection legislation | - The basic consumer protection legislation enacted by the federal government is the FTC. Federal Trade Commission Act, which prohibits unfair or deceptive acts or practices. Others include the Consumer Credit Protection Act, the Consumer Product Safety Act, environmental protection acts, the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act, the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Federal Trade Commission Improvement Act, the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act, the Pure Food and Drug Act, the Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act, the Telephone Disclosure and Dispute Resolution Act, and the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act. |
DC | Direct current |
EMC | Electromagnetic compatibility. |
EMI | Electromagnetic interference. | <
ESD | Electrostatic discharge. Electrostatic discharge
Correct term discharge of static electricity. Process of charge balancing between solid, liquid or gaseous media that have different electrostatic charges. It is generally accompanied by a spark or lightning-like discharge phenomenon, but can also occur with purely physical contact if the potential difference does not exceed 330 Volts before the contact. In the event of spark formation, combustible gases and vapours or explosive mixtures can be ignited and the currents and fields associated with a discharge can damage or destroy electronic components or impair the function of electronic equipment. The former effects are fire and explosion protection or technical protection issues, whereas the latter are electromagnetic compatibility issues. The electrostatic human body discharges that are possible from humans onto circuits, printed circuit boards, control elements and vessel surfaces in the context of transportation, assembly, testing, operation, repair and service actions are of particular importance when dealing with electronic equipment. The following electrical values are to be expected here: energy content 10 to 30 mJ, electrostatic voltage 0.1 to 20 kV, discharge current up to 30 A. Pulse amplitude, rate of current change up to 100 A/ns, electric field strength 1 to 4 kV/m, magnetic field strength up to 15 A/m at cm distance from the discharge
| GND | Ground (electrical). |
NEBS |
Network Equipment Building System - Even more stringent than the FCC Part 15 requirements, NEBS covers a large range of requirements including criteria for personnel safety, protection of property, and operational continuity. The Bellcore documents cover both physical requirements including
Space Planning, Temperature, Humidity, Fire, Earthquake, Vibration, Transportation, Acoustical, Air Quality and Illumination; and electrical criteria including
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD), Electromagnetic Interference (EMI), Lightning and AC Power Fault, Steady State Power Induction, Corrosion,, DC Potential Difference, Electrical Safety and Bonding and Grounding. |
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